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First of all, P stands for primary and S stands for secondary.

P waves move in a compressional motion, similar to a slinky. S waves move in a shear motion perpendicular to the direction the wave is travelling.

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What are the three types of waves caused by an earthquake?

P-waves and S-waves. P waves are known as Primary waves as they have a high velocity and so are recorded at seismometer stations before Secondary or S-waves. P waves may also be known as pressure waves as they are in fact compression or longitudinal waves. S-waves may also be known as shear waves as they are transverse waves.


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P waves arrive first and are faster than S waves, so measuring the time difference between their arrivals at different seismographs can help determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter. By using data from multiple seismographs, it is possible to triangulate the epicenter of the earthquake. The direction of the waves' arrival can also help determine the location of the earthquake along with other factors like amplitude and frequency.


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