How do seasons affect temperatures?

Answer 1

Actually is is the temperature which drives (affects) the seasons.

Because the earth spins on an axis which is tilted with respect to the plane in which it orbits the sun, the point on the Earth where the sun is directly overhead (and this closest to the sun) at mid day moves between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn as the earth makes it orbit of the sun.

Thus the bit of the earth being warmed (by the sun) moves up and down the planet too. As the sun moves north each year the ground is heated and spring and summer come, then as the sun moves south the northern areas cool and the plants shed their leaves in autumn to get ready for the winter snow.

Answer 2

The answer is tied to how the seasons change. The seasons change based on the tilt of the Earth and the particular regions exposure to sun at that part of the year. The sun is the chief driver of weather and is responsible for the ebb and flow of currents and pressure masses. The sun with increased intensity create the huge masses of water vapor necessary for storms and does this more often in the summer. The precipitation drops in the winter as there is often less humid masses that are used to create storms.