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What factors effect the ADH levels?
Various factors can affect ADH production.Certain drugs can either increase or decrease ADH levels.Physical stress, surgery, and high levels of anxiety can also stimulate ADH.diabetes insipidus.some tumors, especially of the lung.hypovolemia.
What is two hormones that enhance sodium reabsorbtion in the kidney?
Two hormones that enhance sodium reabsorption in the kidney are aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Aldosterone acts on the distal tubules and collecting ducts to increase sodium reabsorption, while ADH, also known as vasopressin, increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, which indirectly leads to increased sodium reabsorption.
How does ethanol counteract the poisonous effects of methanol?
Most of the toxic effects of methanol [H3C-OH], are from the first metabolite, formaldehyde [ H2C=O], which occurs when the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) oxidizes methanol into formaldehyde and the hemiacetal [CH(OH)2] - the later spontaneously forms formaldehyde in the presence of water. There are 6 subtypes of ADH in humans, which vary based on race and genetics, but they all have a preferred substrate, ethanol, when compared to methanol.When ethanol is given to someone who has consumed methanol, the active site of the enzyme ADH fits ethanol [CH3CH2OH] better than methanol [CH3OH]; the ethanol gets metabolized more often than the methanol. By occupying the active site on the enzyme with ethanol, the methanol is metabolized more slowly into the far more toxic metabolite, formaldehyde, than it would be if ethanol were not present. This gives the body a smaller amount of formaldehyde to deal with at any given time, and the toxic effects are more easily contained. The toxic effects of the smaller amount of formaldehyde do not cause irreversible damage because the cells that were the most sensitive to formaldehyde (the liver, the kidneys and the retinae) do not get as much damage and can repair themselves up to a point.Now this is an important point as to why this procedure works: Most drugs follow first order kinetics, K1, meaning that the enzyme detoxifies a constant percentage of the drug in a certain period of time (the time for 50% of a drug to be metabolized is called the half-life or t1/2 ). But ethanol and methanol follow zero order kinetics(K0), meaning a certain amount (weight or volume) of the drug is metabolized in a fixed time, for ethanol, it is about 1 oz per hour.For Advanced students who are interested in Enzymology, Pharmaceutical Sciences or Toxicology,, here are some additional pieces of information:A)Now, realistically, all drugs follow first order kinetics K1 within a certain range, and zero order kinetics K0 when the enzyme is saturated (meaning there is far too much of the drug around and far too little enzyme, so that even if every active site on every enzyme were occupied at one time, there would still be lots of drug left over.) Most drugs have a physiologic/pharmacologic effect in the microgram -- gram range; alcohol is the exception. When alcohol gets metabolized below about one gram, we start to see first order kinetics K1 instead of zero order kinetics K0. I have been asked in class many times if there are any enzymes that follow K2 or second order kinetics, like when a co-factor such as a vitamin is involved (Vitamin A in the Krebs Cycle for Acetyl-CoA). The answer is emphatically, NO. The probability of three molecules meeting together at random in the correct orientation approaches zero. It would be such a rare event that you could not sustain life if this were required. The binding of a co-factor or other component to an enzyme is a separate step, and is unrelated to t1/2 because there is so much co-factor around compared to the drug, that for all intensive purposes, you can assume, under normal conditions, that the enzyme and co-factor are always bound together.B)Ethanol is oxidized by ADH into acetaldehyde and ethylene glycol, both of which are far less toxic than formaldehyde (not non-toxic, however, just less toxic; all three compounds are relatively toxic with formaldehyde>ethylene glycol>acetaldehyde.) The drug Antabuse(disulfiram), inhibits the enzyme Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, which converts acetaldehyde into acetate or acetic acid (3% (v/v) acetic acid in water is vinegar). It is acetaldehyde that is partly responsible for hangovers and makes most people feel bad in the ethanol metabolism chain, not ethanol itself or acetic acid.MobiusDick
How does the addition of ADH affect the concentration of potassium in the urine?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) causes water to be absorbed from the urine back into the body. Everything else in the urine, including electrolytes such as potassium, is concentrated.
What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone on potassium concentration and excretion?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) decreases the amount of sodium in your body and when ever sodium levels go down potassium levels go up (same is true for visa versa) so the amount of Potassium should increase when there is an increase in ADH.
Why does the concentration of potassium change in the presence of ADH without a change in the excretion of potassium?
ADH makes the distal tubule and collecting duct more permiable to water so body will reabsorb more water from the filtrate. It does not require excretion of potassium because it is not reabsorbing sodium at the expense of losing potassium like the hormone aldosterone would in the same case.
When the concentration of ADH increases?
less urine is produced
What are the effects of hyper secretion of ADH in urine quantity and component?
ADH is short for Anti Diuretic Hormone and it prevents excess water loss. As such, a hyper-secretion of ADH will result in less urine by volume, and the urine will have a lower concentration of water. Conversely, it will have a higher concentration of solutes (Sodium, Potassium, Urea, etc.)
Dilution or concentration of urine is determined by the availibility of?
The concentration of urine is determined by the availability of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. When ADH is present, urine becomes concentrated. Conversely, dilute urine results when ADH levels are low, leading to increased water excretion by the kidneys.
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of?
Changes in blood osmotic pressure would most affect the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the pituitary gland. ADH helps regulate the concentration of urine by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, and its secretion is influenced by blood osmotic pressure to maintain water balance in the body.
What happen to urine volume if you did not add ADH to the collecting duct?
Without the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), the permeability of the collecting duct to water decreases. As a result, more water is excreted in the urine, leading to a higher urine volume and lower urine concentration.
What does ADH stand for in kidney filtration?
ADH stands for antidiuretic hormone, also known as vasopressin. It is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. ADH plays a role in regulating the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, and helps to control the concentration of urine.
What happend to the volume of urine as the solute concentration in the interstitial space was increased?
As the solute concentration in the interstitial space increases, the volume of urine produced by the kidneys typically decreases. This is because the higher solute concentration triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to a decrease in urine volume.
What suppresses adh production?
Low concentration of water in body fluids suppresses ADH.
What hormone signals the kidney to make less urine?
That hormone is called ADH or antidiuretic hormone. Diuresis means producing urine and antiduresis is the opposite.
