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Scientists believe that tornadoes and waterspouts begin in severe thunderstorms called a supercells and are caused by a vertical wind sheer; a wind that changes direction as it gets higher. This change of direction and height causes the air to begin spinning which results in a tornado or waterspout.

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Any intense vortex (AKA funnel clouds) made a touch down on the water body will called waterspout.

There are two types of waterspout:

Non-Tornadic:

This type of waterspout rarely rated higher than F1 in Fujita scales. It usually forms at the bottom of strata-cumulus or developing towering cumulus. It must form over a unstable environment, low vertical windshear area, but strong convergences near the boundary levels (lower level). This is the most common waterspout. This type of waterspout usually associate with vertical convection, rather than rotating updraft.

Tornadic:

As answered above in the previous answer, it's formed by rotating updraft. This kind of Waterspout could be potentially deadly.

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What is the name to a tornado that only forms over open water?

Yes. A tornado on water is called a waterspout.


How does a water tornado start?

There are two ways in which waterspouts form. Some are ordinary tornadoes that just happen to be on water. These are called tornadic waterspouts See the related link below for an answer on that process, called tornadogenesis. But this type of waterspout is less common. The second type is called a fair weather waterspout as they are not typically associated with severe storms. These form when a body of water is warmer than the air above it. This causes convection, which forms clouds which, in turn, can further intensify the convection. If there is any twist to the air near the surface it can be taken up into this convection and intensify to form a vortex that connects with a cloud overhead to become a waterspout.


What is a funnel of water over the ocean?

A funnel of water over the ocean can refer to a waterspout, which is a swirling column of water that extends from a storm cloud to the ocean's surface. Waterspouts are similar to tornadoes but form over water. They can be dangerous for boats and ships in their path due to strong winds and choppy seas.


Can a waterspout go over land?

Yes, a waterspout can occasionally move over land if it forms over a body of water and then moves inland. As it moves over land, it is known as a tornado rather than a waterspout. Waterspouts are essentially tornadoes over water.


Do tornadoes only form over land?

No, they can form over water. At that point it is called a tornadic waterspout.

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