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Magma is more buoyant than lithospheric rock, and as such it will push toward the surface. On the continents, magma in intrusions can follow weaknesses in the crustal rock to reach the surface, or in some cases, simply melt its way through from the heat delivered by the intrusion. At divergent plate boundaries, where the lithospheric plates are pulling apart, hot rock from the mantle rises and melts from decompression melting, filling the space left from the parting plates. At so-called hotspots, such as the Hawaiian volcanic mountain chain, magma plumes are thought to rise up from the mantle-core boundary and burn through the moving lithospheric plates, creating first submarine volcanoes, then islands.

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15y ago

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