Aluminum is not found in nature in its pure state (in other words, it does not exist an "aluminum mine"...) but it is always bond with other elements, the most common being the oxygen. Among the most common aluminum ore there is the alumina, chemical formula Al2O3. The alumina is found in nature most of the time in a kind of soil named bauxite, after the city of Baux in France, where it was first identified. It contains on average 50% in weight of alumina, the rest being other oxides, mainly iron oxides.
With the Hall-Heroult process, through the use of electricity, the chemical bond between aluminum and oxygen in the alumina is broken and the aluminum is then collected for further processing.
The process was discovered at the same time, 1886, and independently by american Charles Martin Hall and french Paul Louis Toussaint Heroult (this the reason why it is called Hall-Heroult process). Nowadays, after more than 100 years, the industrial process is basically the same invented by Hall and Heroult.
Going more in detail, in the Hall-Heroult process the alumina is dissolved in a molten salt, acting as the electrolyte, called cryolite (Na3AlF6) which melts at around 950°C. The molten salt is contained in a vessel (called cell or pot) with the structure made by iron and internally lined with blocks of carbon. The mixture of molten cryolite and dissolved alumina is usually called bath. Into the bath is immersed the anode, another block of carbon, which carries the electrical current into the molten bath driving the electrochemical reactions which make the alumina reduction according to the reaction:
2Al2O3 + 3C -> 4Al + 3CO2
The molten aluminum produced is collected into the bottom of the vessel containing the bath and periodically is tapped.
The electricity flowing from the anode into the bath is then collected by the carbon lining of the vessel.
As can be seen on the previous reaction, the carbon anodes takes itself place on the reaction, being consumed and evolving carbon dioxide in the form of bubbles from the bath. This means that the anode has to be replaced on a regular basis.
The chemical bond between aluminum and oxygen in the alumina is very strong, and this means that a lot of electrical energy is required to produce aluminum. The values depends on the cell technology, ranging from 12.5 to 14.5 kWh/kg in present industry.
This method works by [briefly describe the main process or steps involved]. It is designed to [state the purpose or goal of the method] in order to achieve [desired outcome].
The main energy source at work in the warming process on Earth is the sun. Solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface and heats it, contributing to the planet's overall temperature. Additionally, human activities like burning fossil fuels release greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, further leading to global warming.
Subduction is the process where one tectonic plate moves beneath another plate at a convergent boundary. This occurs because the denser plate sinks into the mantle, creating a subduction zone. The sinking plate can cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.
Yes, weathering is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller fragments, while erosion is the transportation of these fragments. Together, they work to disintegrate rocks.
A process in which the Earth changes.
In throttling process, work done is zero.
Work in Process is considered an asset because it is inventory. Assets have a debit normal balance. adding materials to work in process is a debit to work in process.
The monitor and control project work process often generates change requests that, if approved, become inputs to the direct and manage project work process. work performance data, an output of the direct and mange project work process, is processed and work performance information becomes an input to the monitor and control project work process.
In an isothermal process, the temperature remains constant, so work is done slowly to maintain this temperature. In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, so work is done quickly, causing a change in temperature.
yes work in process is current account and shows inventory of those items which are in process of manufacturing in factory.
The process of setting up software to work with a computer is known as installation.
The monitor and control project work process often generates change requests that, if approved, become inputs to the direct and manage project work process. work performance data, an output of the direct and mange project work process, is processed and work performance information becomes an input to the monitor and control project work process.
[Debit] Finished Goods [Credit] Work in process
beginning work in process + requisted for manufacturing ( direct material + direct labor + man. overhead ) = cost of goods completed + ending work in process
The work done by the gas in a process is denoted as w.
The relationship between isentropic compression work and the efficiency of a thermodynamic process is that the efficiency of a process increases as the isentropic compression work decreases. Isentropic compression work is the work required to compress a gas without any heat transfer or energy loss, and a lower amount of this work indicates a more efficient process.
Assume you have manufacturing overhead 5,000Journal Entry would be:Dr. Work in Process ---------5,000Cr. Manufacturing Overhead ----------5,000