In the normal course of things, lava doesn't usually reach the surface of the earth, it being encased by the earth's solid rock mantle and the earth's crust.
However, when fault lines and cracks develop, the lava, under great pressure, spews forth from deep inside the earth in a matter of seconds.
In sub-surface lava channels it is reckoned that lava can flow at about 60 kilometers per hour or so, but the time it takes to reach the surface depends on how deep beneath the surface the particular channel is situated. Pyroclastic surges (mainly gas, plus some lava), can reach speeds arounds 350 km/h. However, one cause of these is the undergraound lava coming into water at some point before its eruption, particularly when the lava vent it situated under the sea.
Of course, scientists are continually monitoring movements of the earth's layers and are quick to alert us to any potential dangers, particularly in areas known to be at risk.
For more details see Related links below this box.
The substance that cools beneath the earths surface when an intrusive igneous rock forms is Magma. Magma is a molten material made up of rocks and minerals.
This is the description for the conduit of a volcano. Use the link below for more information, including a diagram.Dont listen to that because that's not true its the pipe and if it's not that then its the vent:)
The coldest biome on Earth's surface is the tundra. This biome has long, cold winters with temperatures dropping below freezing, and short, cool summers. The tundra is characterized by low biodiversity and a layer of permafrost beneath the surface.
The primary wavelength of radiation emitted by Earth's surface is in the thermal infrared range, typically around 10 micrometers (μm). This is known as long-wave radiation, which the Earth emits as heat energy.
It doesn't necessarily matter what the minerals are, as long as they form from cooling magma or lava. Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of cooled magma (molten rock). They may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.
pipe
Pipe?
A branch pipe of a volcano is a smaller conduit that branches off from the main vent of the volcano. Branch pipes can be found on the flanks of a volcano and may act as secondary pathways for magma to reach the surface. They can contribute to localized eruptions and can play a role in the overall plumbing system of a volcano.
Magma beneath the Earth's surface cools and solidifies to form mineral crystals. This process takes place over long periods of time, allowing different types of crystals to form depending on the minerals present in the magma.
When magma is released through long open cracks, it forms a type of volcanic feature called fissures. Fissures allow magma to reach the Earth's surface without creating a single volcanic vent, often resulting in extensive lava flows.
The substance that cools beneath the earths surface when an intrusive igneous rock forms is Magma. Magma is a molten material made up of rocks and minerals.
a valley
If magma does not reach the surface and instead crystallizes at great depth, it forms an intrusive igneous rock called granite. Granite is coarse-grained and typically composed of minerals such as quartz, feldspar, and mica. It forms slowly over millions of years beneath the Earth's surface before being exposed through erosion.
No, the shadow of the moon is not always long enough to reach the Earth. During a solar eclipse, the moon's shadow on Earth is limited to a specific region where the alignment of the sun, moon, and Earth allows for the shadow to be cast on the Earth's surface.
magma rises toward earth's surface as long as it is less dense than the surrounding rock.
The East Africa Rift System
From the surface of the sun the heat radiations take 8 minutes to reach the surface of hte earth.