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In the normal course of things, lava doesn't usually reach the surface of the earth, it being encased by the earth's solid rock mantle and the earth's crust.

However, when fault lines and cracks develop, the lava, under great pressure, spews forth from deep inside the earth in a matter of seconds.

In sub-surface lava channels it is reckoned that lava can flow at about 60 kilometers per hour or so, but the time it takes to reach the surface depends on how deep beneath the surface the particular channel is situated. Pyroclastic surges (mainly gas, plus some lava), can reach speeds arounds 350 km/h. However, one cause of these is the undergraound lava coming into water at some point before its eruption, particularly when the lava vent it situated under the sea.

Of course, scientists are continually monitoring movements of the earth's layers and are quick to alert us to any potential dangers, particularly in areas known to be at risk.

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