The area of greatest tornado activity appears to be shifting northward. It is unknown how this might affect tornado intensity.
That varies. If you are close enough to be in the area of the tornado's inflow then the wind will blow almost directly towards the tornado, perhaps a little to the right of that direction. In that case the wind direction will depend on where the tornado is relative to you. If you are beyond the inflow area for the tornado, then nothing about the wind direction would indicate the approaching tornado.
Damage is done to varying degrees depending on the intensity of the tornado on the Fujita scale.
A significant tornado is one that either reaches and intensity of at least EF2 or kills someone.
There is no particular instrument used for measuring tornado intensity. Ratings are based primarily on damage assessment. Occasionally doppler radar has measure wind speeds inside a tornado, but such measurements are rare.
No. No tornado of such intensity came anywhere near Cleveland during that time. The strongest in the Cleveland area was an F2 in 1970. One tornado in 1965 may have been at F5 intensity when it hit Strongsville, southwest of Cleveland.
You should probably stay at least a quarter mile away from any tornado. This keeps you safe from debris and can give you some time to move if the tornado changes direction. Note, however, that you cannot judge the intensity of a tornado based on its appearance. It is a common misconception that a narrow tornado will be weak, when in fact it can be of any intensity. Even an F5 tornado can be skinny.
The factors affecting tornado intensity are not fully understood. But an increase in the intensity of the parent thunderstorm, often from encountering warmer, moister air can cause a tornado to intensify.
No machine is used. The intensity of a tornado is determined by a visual survey of the damage.
That is impossible as the Richter scale is for measuring earthquakes.
Fujita intensity scale
If you are referring to the Fujita scale, which rates tornado intensity base on damage, its inventor is Dr. Tetsuya Fujita.
Currently there is no known connection between human activity and tornado formation and intensity.
The intensity of a tornado is estimated based on the severity of the damage it inflicts.
The size of a tornado is determined by the width of the area over which it produces damage. This is not to be confused with the tornado's intensity.
The intensity of a tornado is rated based on damage done on the ground.
The worst tornado was the Daulatpur-Salturia tornado in Bangladesh, it killed more than 1300 people but its intensity is unknown.
Yes. A tornado will generally move in the same direction as its parent storm.