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It depends on the method of extraction. In pit mining, vertical shafts are dug to reach the coal seams, then excavated horizontally. The shafts and passageways need to be shored up or held in place to prevent collapse while the miners extract the coal. In open-cast mining, the surface is simply scraped away by huge excavators, and the coal loaded onto large trucks or long conveyor-belts for processing. Open-cast mining is cheaper - but requires more work to landscape the mining area once the coal is exhausted.

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