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Magnesium is in group 2 so its valency is +2

Oxygen is in group 6 so its valency is -2

The numbers are the same, so there is no need to cross them over, and they both cancel down to 1, so the formula for Magnesium Oxide is MgO

Oxygen molecules are diatomic, so the formula for Oxygen is O2

Magnesium's chemical formula is Mg

Using these, the equation starts out as:

Mg + O2 => MgO

Balancing this gives

2Mg + O2 => 2MgO

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