magma
you
Well, i don't know what causes them but i do know how they form.Convection currents are formed somewhere in the upper mantle below the asthenosphere and is called the mesosphere.the mantle material,(the hotter material) rises on the surface of the asthenosphere,and pushes the cooler material out of the way,sinking back into the Earth becoming more and less dense each time. Hope this helped! :)
Pressure is involved because as the plates move apart, lower mantle material is hot, flexible, and solid. This rock is solid because of the great pressure of the layers above it. However. as the rock of the lower mantle rises, the pressure drops and the material melts.
At a hot spot, the mantle directly beneath the crust is hotter than usual. This hot mantle material partially melts. The molten material, called magma, rises through the crust and erupts onto the surface for form volcanoes.
Plates at our planet's surface move because of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools, and eventually sink down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is warmed and rises again.
Mantle plum
The intense heat in the Earth's core causes molten rock in Earth's mantle to shift. That causes a pattern called a convection cell which forms when material rises, cools, and sinks. When the material sinks, it is warmed and rises again.
The part of the plate that is subducting gets melted into magma and flows back into the mantle.
When spreading molten material rises from the mantle in the sea-floor and erupts, it can create sea mounts, which are underwater mountains. If enough material is ejected, the mounts will break through the surface of the water to create islands.
you
When spreading molten material rises from the mantle in the sea-floor and erupts, it can create sea mounts, which are underwater mountains. If enough material is ejected, the mounts will break through the surface of the water to create islands.
The intense heat in the Earth's core causes molten rock in Earth's mantle to shift. That causes a pattern called a convection cell which forms when material rises, cools, and sinks. When the material sinks, it is warmed and rises again.
A place where hot mantle material rises in a semi-permanent plume, and affects the overlying crust.
A place where hot mantle material rises in a semi-permanent plume, and affects the overlying crust.
The flow of mantle effects convection currents in the mantle. This process happens as hot material within the mantle begins to rise. As it rises, it begins to cool and then sinks. This process repeats as a cycle of convection currents.
The older oceanic crust moves away from the spreading center and is eventualy subducted back into the mantle.
The older oceanic crust moves away from the spreading center and is eventualy subducted back into the mantle.