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The speed of the earth varies with the time of the year because the earth's orbit is

not circular, but elliptical. The earth speed is fastest when it is nearest the sun. It

is slowest when it is farthest from the sun. In short, the speed of the earth is

different each moment, and is a function of the earth's distance from the foci of the

ellipse (one of which is the Sun). To calculate it, one would need to use calculus,

and would need to know the mass of the Sun, the mass of the Earth, and the

function of the ellipse. One could then plot the speed as a function of Earth's

distance from the Sun, or as a function of time, and determine the speed at a

given moment based either on the time of the year or on how far the Earth is from

the Sun at the moment.

All of that said, the earth moves about 67,000 miles per hour (with variations as

described above) in its orbit around the sun, from the point of view of an observer

on the sun.

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