This process is known as soil salinization and occurs when irrigation water evaporates, leaving behind salts. Over time, these salts can build up in the upper layers of the soil, causing harm to plants by affecting their ability to take up water and nutrients. Implementing proper irrigation and drainage practices can help mitigate soil salinization.
Kankar forms in the lower horizons of soil due to the accumulation of calcium carbonate. This accumulation happens as water moves through the soil and dissolves calcium carbonate from the upper layers, depositing it in the lower horizons.
Soil typically has distinct layers, or horizons, that are created by the weathering of rock and the accumulation of organic matter. The top layer, known as the O horizon, is rich in organic material. Below that is the A horizon, or topsoil, which contains a mix of organic material and minerals. The B horizon, or subsoil, is characterized by the accumulation of minerals leached from the upper layers. Finally, the C horizon consists of partially weathered rock material.
The mantle is divided into two main layers: the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is further divided into the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. The lithosphere is rigid and made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle, while the asthenosphere is semi-molten and capable of flowing.
The soil horizon that has materials that are leached (removed) from upper layers and deposited is the B horizon. This layer receives minerals and nutrients that have been leached from the A horizon above it. The accumulation of these materials can lead to differences in color, texture, and nutrient content between the A and B horizons.
Ozone is an important substance in the upper atmosphere that plays a crucial role in temperature changes in the upper atmospheric layers. It absorbs solar radiation and acts as a greenhouse gas, trapping heat in the upper atmosphere, leading to temperature changes.
Kankar forms in the lower horizons of soil due to the accumulation of calcium carbonate. This accumulation happens as water moves through the soil and dissolves calcium carbonate from the upper layers, depositing it in the lower horizons.
Ozone occurs in upper layers. It finds suitable conditions to sustain there.
Soil typically has distinct layers, or horizons, that are created by the weathering of rock and the accumulation of organic matter. The top layer, known as the O horizon, is rich in organic material. Below that is the A horizon, or topsoil, which contains a mix of organic material and minerals. The B horizon, or subsoil, is characterized by the accumulation of minerals leached from the upper layers. Finally, the C horizon consists of partially weathered rock material.
Ozone lies in the upper layers. It is due to the suitable conditions there.
Compaction.
What are the layers that make up the upper mantle.
What are the layers that make up the upper mantle.
Plankton
The thermosphere is the very upper lever of the atmosphere and the mesosphere is the layer underneath that one There are 4 layers of the atmosphere altogether :) x
Crust and the upper mantle
algae.
soil associated with drier regions and characterized by an accumulation of calcium carbonate in the upper horizons.