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Hydroponics or hydroculture. This is the practice of growing plants without soil. The plants are held in a chemically neutral medium called the substrate. Water containing a mixture of chemicals (or nutrients) is passed through the substrate. The system normally allows for the collection and reusing of the nutrient solution. In this way plants can be grown in a very controlled environment and absorb only what they need, with only a small amount of the "nutrient solution" being lost to evaporation.

There is also an off-shoot (pun intended) of this called aeroponics where the roots are grown naked in specially designed tubes or reservoirs and sprayed intermittently with a nutrient-rich water solution (which is again recycled).

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