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They are seismic waves - those emitted by an earthquake.

P-waves are known as primary waves. They have the fastest velocity of all the seismic waves and so arrive at a seismometer station first. They are a longitudinal or compression wave.

S-waves are secondary waves. They travel more slowly than P-waves, but faster than surface waves so are the second seismic wave to be recorded at a seismometer station. They are transverse or shear waves.

Finally there are the surface waves of which there are two main types. The L-wave or Love Wave and the R-wave or Rayleigh wave. These waves tend to have the largest magnitude and cause the majority of the damage that occurs during an earthquake.

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