As a rock is falling through the atmosphere, it is a meteor. When it hits the earths surface, it is a meteoroid.
Tectonic Plates
It is actually called weathering, but if your talking about the process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces by physical means it is called Mechanical Weathering, by chemical means it is called Chemical Weathering.
Height above earths surface is called elevation
There is no such thing as half of the Earth. If you are referring to half of the spherical shape of the Earth then it will be a hemisphere.
A volcano is the opening called in the earths crust called through which lava gases and other pieces of rock erupt.
As a rock is falling through the atmosphere, it is a meteor. When it hits the earths surface, it is a meteoroid.
Tectonic Plates
The process is called erosion.
It is actually called weathering, but if your talking about the process of rocks breaking down into smaller pieces by physical means it is called Mechanical Weathering, by chemical means it is called Chemical Weathering.
When the molten rock is actually flowing on the earth, it is called lava. When it is contained, such as in a volcano, it is called magma.
The answer is tectonic plates floating on the lithosphere. Does that answer your question? LOL :)
Height above earths surface is called elevation
Subsidence.
It is called the crust.
Projection
Magma once it reaches the earths surface is called lava.
There is no such thing as half of the Earth. If you are referring to half of the spherical shape of the Earth then it will be a hemisphere.