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We consume a variety of resources and products today having moved beyond basic needs to include luxury items and technological innovations to try to improve efficiency. Such consumption beyond minimal and basic needs is not necessarily a bad thing in and of itself as throughout history we have always sought to find ways to make our lives a bit easier to live. However, increasingly, there are important issues around consumerism that need to be understood. How are the products and resources we consume actually produced?

What are the impacts of that process of production on the environment, society, on individuals?

What are the impacts of certain forms of consumption on the environment, on society, on individuals?

Which actors influence our choices of consumption?

Which actors influence how and why things are produced or not?

What is a necessity and what is a luxury?

How do demands on items affect the requirements placed upon the environment?

Businesses and advertising are major engines in promoting the consumption of products so that they may survive. How much of what we consume is influenced by their needs versus our needs?

Also influential is the very culture of today in many countries, as well as the media and the political institutions themselves. What is the impact on poorer nations and people on the demands of the wealthier nations and people that are able to afford to consume more?

How do material values influence our relationships with other And so on.

Just from these questions, we can likely think of numerous others as well. We can additionally, see that consumerism and consumption are at the core of many, if not most societies. The impacts of consumerism, positive and negative are very significant to all aspects of our lives, as well as our planet. But equally important to bear in mind in discussing consumption patterns is the underlying system that promotes certain types of consumption and not other types.

Inherent in today's global economic system is the wasteful use of resources, labor and capital. These need to be addressed. Waste is not only things like via not recycling etc; it is deep within the system.

The U.N. statistics above are hard hitting, highlight one of the major impacts of today's form of corporate-led globalization.

"Over" population is usually blamed as the major cause of environmental degradation, but the above statistics strongly suggests otherwise. As we will see, consumption patterns today are not to meet everyone's needs. The system that drives these consumption patterns also contribute to inequality of consumption patterns too.

This section of the globalissues.org web site will attempt to provide an introductory look at various aspects of what we consume and how.

  • We will see possible "hidden" costs of convenient items to society, the environment and individuals, as well as the relationship with various sociopolitical and economic effects on those who do consume, and those who are unable to consume as much (due to poverty and increase profits.This section goes beyond the "don't buy this product" type of conclusion to the deeper issues and ramifications.We will see just a hint at how wasteful all this is on resources, society and capital. The roots of such disparities in consumption are inextricably linked to the roots of poverty. There is such enormous waste in the way we consume that an incredible amount of resources is wasted as well. Furthermore, the processes that lead to such disparities in unequal consumption are themselves wasteful and is structured deep into the system itself. Economic efficiency is for making profits, not necessarily for social good (which is treated as a side effect). The waste in the economic system is, as a result, deep. Eliminating the causes of this type of waste are related to the elimination of poverty and bringing rights to all. Eliminating the waste also allows for further equitable consumption for all, as well as a decent standard of consumption.So these issues go beyond just consumption, and this section only begins to highlight the enormous waste in our economy which is not measured as such.A further bold conclusion is also made that elimination of so much wasted capital would actually require a reduction of people's workweek. This is because the elimination of such waste means entire industries are halved in size in some cases. So much labor redundancy cannot be tolerated, and hence the answer is therefore to share the remaining productive jobs, which means reducing the workweek!We will see therefore, that political causes of poverty are very much related to political issues and roots of consumerism. Hence solutions to things like hunger, environmental degradation, poverty and other problems have many commonalities that would need to be addressed.

Entire volumes of research can be written on this topic so these pages provide just an insight to these issues!

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The process of consumption can have significant environmental impacts as it drives resource extraction, energy use, and waste generation. Increased consumption leads to higher levels of pollution, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change. Promoting sustainable consumption habits and reducing waste can help mitigate these negative effects on the environment.


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Factors such as population growth, industrialization, resource consumption, and pollution levels can significantly affect environmental problems. The number of choices a society can make in addressing these problems is influenced by factors like technological innovations, economic resources, political will, and public awareness and attitudes towards sustainability. Ultimately, the combination of these factors shapes the range of options available for society to address environmental challenges.


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