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Earthquakes are caused by faulting, a sudden lateral or vertical movement of rock along the break of the surface - because of plate tectonics. The surface of the Earth is broken up into 'plates', and those plates are constantly shifting against each other. In this way, earthquakes occur.

Effects of earthquakes are usually disastrous but it usually depends on the magnitude of the quake. They can include structural damage (to manmade structures), fires, landslides, loss of human and animal life, and tsunamis (or tidal waves).

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