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The Five Major Climate Groups are:

Moist, tropical climates are hot and humid.

Steppes and deserts are dry, with large temperature variations.

Humid, midlatitude climates have cool, damp winters and hot, dry summers, usually this is caused by many lakes and the proximity of oceans. A subset of these climates are also called Mediterranean.

Continental climates occur in the centers of large continents. Mountain ranges and distance from water block off sources of moisture, creating dry regions with large seasonal variations in temperature.

Cold, or polar, climates are found around the North and South poles, and have little temperature variation or precipitation.

High elevations, a sixth category was later added to the classification system.

This system of climate classification was proposed by Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen around the 1900s, and with some adjustments, is still in common use today.

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