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The internal dynamics of a tornado are not fully understood, but the basics are below:

  • Condensation funnel: This is a cloud formed from the tornado pulling in moist air. The low pressure inside the tornado produces a temperature drop that causes moisture to condense. The tornado may already be in contact with the ground even if the funnel isn't.
  • Debris cloud/dust whirl. Most tornadoes will lift at least some soil into the air, creating a swirling cloud of dust. In some cases of loose soil or a very strong tornado this may completely envelop the funnel. Larger debris may become part of this cloud if the tornadoes tears up buildings or trees.
  • Weak echo region: in some cases a tornado may have a clear and somewhat calm area at its center akin to the eye of a hurricane, which is informally called an eye by some. This occurs more often in large, intense tornadoes. A tornado with such a feature has undergone vortex breakdown.
  • Suction vortices/subvortices: While a tornado itself is one large vortex it may contain a series of smaller, short-lived vortices. These suction vortices occur in tornadoes that have undergone vortex breakdown. The winds in the subvortices can be up to 100 mph faster than those in the main vortex and produce narrow swaths of more severe damage.

Another notable structure is the wall cloud. While not actually part the tornado it is an important feature in the formation of most tornadoes. The wall cloud is a lowering of the cloud base of a thunderstorm that marks the strongest part of the mesocyclone, or rotating updraft which may produce a tornado. Most, though not all tornadoes descend from a wall cloud.

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Is a cement house with steel girders safe from a tornado?

While a cement house with steel girders may be more resilient than a traditional wood-framed house, it is not guaranteed to be completely safe from a tornado. The structural integrity and design of the house, as well as the strength of the tornado, can all influence its ability to withstand the forces of a tornado. It is always best to seek guidance from a structural engineer or building expert to ensure that your home is as safe as possible in a tornado-prone area.


Is this a myth or a fact the low pressure with a tornado causes buildings to explode as the tornado passes overhead?

This is a fact. The low pressure associated with a tornado can cause buildings to explode as the tornado passes overhead. The rapid change in pressure inside and outside a building can create a force that can lead to structural failure and cause the building to explode.


Can a tornado knock down a brick house?

Yes, a strong enough tornado can potentially knock down a brick house or cause significant structural damage. Tornadoes are capable of producing extremely high winds and destructive forces that can impact even well-built structures.


Why is a tornado visible?

There are two components that make a tornado visible. The first is the condensation funnel or funnel cloud, which forms from moisture condensing inside the tornado. The other component is the debris cloud. This consists of dust and debris lifted into the air by the tornado's winds.


How was the tornado of the elevens categorized?

Tornadoes are classified based on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, with ratings ranging from EF0 to EF5. The tornado of the elevens was likely classified based on the damage it caused, such as structural damage to buildings, uprooted trees, and the extent of the destruction it left behind.

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Is a cement house with steel girders safe from a tornado?

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