The sun ray's are most responsible for Earth's surface temperature.
The sun's radiation heats the Earth's surface through a process called solar radiation. This heat causes water to change states by evaporating into water vapor, condensing into clouds, and eventually returning to the surface as precipitation.
The process that causes water on Earth's surface to change to gas and rise into the atmosphere is called evaporation. This occurs when the sun's heat energy causes water molecules to gain enough energy to break free from the liquid's surface and enter the air as water vapor.
Oceans
Geothermal heat reaches the Earth's surface through conduction, which involves the slow transfer of heat through the Earth's crust, and through convection, where hot molten rock rises towards the surface, bringing heat along with it.
Geothermal energy is created from the Earth's heat. This renewable energy source harnesses heat from beneath the Earth's surface to generate electricity or provide direct heating.
convection
pressure from the heat under the earths surface
Earth's surface is free to radiate heat into space. The interior is not. The interior does transfer heat the the surface, but rather slowly. It is hot due to residual heat from Earth's formation and from the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements.
The sun's radiation heats the Earth's surface through a process called solar radiation. This heat causes water to change states by evaporating into water vapor, condensing into clouds, and eventually returning to the surface as precipitation.
Beneath the surface of the earth temperature remains the same. Within the Earth, irregular convection cells within the mantle transfer heat from the core to the surface of the planet. Volcanoes and earthquakes are two examples of heat transferring from the interior to the surface.
Heat from the sun
The process that causes water on Earth's surface to change to gas and rise into the atmosphere is called evaporation. This occurs when the sun's heat energy causes water molecules to gain enough energy to break free from the liquid's surface and enter the air as water vapor.
A metior
mostly earthquakes or plate tectonic movement.
Weight causes density, density causes pressure, pressure causes heat. Heat and pressure change rocks into other rocks, which are metamophic.
Because of the heat and light
Gas does not directly cause Ice to melt. However if you are talking about glaciers then the gas Carbon Dioxide (CO2) causes the earths atmosphere to heat up (because it traps more of the Sun's heat) and this causes glaciers to melt - because the Earths climate is hotter.