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Divergent plates are plates that move away from each other. They move away from each other because between them is volcanic activity. The magma seeps up through the cracks between the plates, cooling from the water. As it cools, it is pushed away from the edge by the rising magma from underneath. If you've ever watched gravy or tomato soup boil, the bubble coming from the bottom of the pan pushes the top fluid away from where the hotter liquid wants to go...which is straight up. So the ocean floor in these areas is basalt columns. (On the other side of the plates which are moving apart from each other are subduction zones.)

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