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When groundwater, which is naturally slightly acidic,comes in contact with limestone for a long period of time it creates a cavern by dissolving the rock.

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How is cavern formation related to mass wasting?

Cavern formation can be related to mass wasting when the roof of a cavern collapses due to material being eroded or removed from the surrounding area by mass wasting processes. This can weaken the structural integrity of the cavern, leading to a collapse event. Additionally, mass wasting can also occur within a cavern if loose material on the walls or floor is destabilized by the movement of the cavern walls during mass wasting events.


What the following can be caused by excessive pressure from overlying structures over a cavern?

Excessive pressure from overlying structures can cause collapse of the cavern, leading to sinkholes or subsidence. It can also potentially lead to the rupture of the cavern roof, resulting in a cave-in or collapse. Additionally, it may trigger seismic activity within the cavern or surrounding areas.


Caverns most commonly form in what type of bedrock?

Caverns most commonly form in limestone bedrock, which is made of calcite minerals that can be dissolved by slightly acidic groundwater over time. This process creates underground cavities and passageways that can grow into large cavern systems.


What is the difference between a cavern and sinkhole?

A cavern is a large underground cave, and a sinkhole is part of the ground that has collapsed into a hole due to weight on top of it or because of the ground underneath it dissolving. A sinkhole might occur due to land being over a cavern when the cavern roof dissolves too small and the weight on top overcomes the strength of the land.


How are caverns made?

Caverns are formed through a process of chemical weathering and erosion of soluble rocks, such as limestone, by percolating water. Gradual dissolution of the rock over time creates underground voids that eventually expand to form caverns. Additional factors like tectonic activity and the presence of natural faults can also contribute to cavern formation.