This falls between two disciplines, that of the Geographers and that of the Geologists, the experts on the field are called Geomorphologists.
An environmental scientist or an environmentalist.
Since tornadoes are a form of weather, they are studied by weather scientists. A weather scientist is a meteorologist.
A scientist who studies soil is called a soil scientist or a pedologist. They explore the composition, structure, and processes within soil to understand its properties and how it affects ecosystems and agriculture.
A scientist who studies maps is called a cartographer. Cartographers create and analyze maps to visually represent geographical information and spatial relationships.
A scientist who studies gems and crystals is called a gemologist or mineralogist. They analyze the physical and chemical properties of gemstones and minerals to understand their formation, composition, and characteristics.
A mineralogist or a geologist.
A biotechnology scientist.
An Oceanographer. Marine Biologist, that sort of thing.
A scientist that studies viruses is called a virologist.
A scientist who studies mollusks is called a teuthologist.
A scientist that studies bears would be called an ursinologist.
virologist
An aviologist.
A meteorologist.
biologist
A vulcanologist
Mineralogists