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Atoms normally contain equal numbers of protons and electrons. The amount of positive charge on a single proton is identical to the amount of negative charge on a single electron. So atoms and, therefore, the body from which they are formed, are normally neutral because the amount of positive charge is exactly countered by the amount of negative charge.

A body acquires a charge if there is an imbalance between the number of protons and electrons within its atoms. If the electrons outnumber the protons, then the body acquires a negative charge; if the protons outnumber the electrons, then the body acquires a positive charge. The amount of charge is determined by the amount of imbalance between protons and electrons.

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