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Most icebergs either "calve" (split off from) glaciers, as in the Antarctic, or are blocks of sea ice that drift away from the pole, as in the Arctic.

Glaciers form on land as a result of a net accumulation of snow over thousands of years. Successive layers compress earlier accumulations until, at depths below 60 to 70 meters, glacial ice is formed. Glaciers "flow" or "creep" outward under their own weight like a viscous fluid. When the edge of a glacier advances into the ocean, they begin to melt, and the pieces that break off are what we call icebergs.

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