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When light shines on the silver chloride/albumin emulsion the redox reaction happens more quickly than it does in the dark. Imagine now a sensitized sheet of paper, half of which is exposed to bright sunlight and the other half of which is covered up with an opaque card. The silver ions in the exposed area will be reduced to black metallic silver in a matter of minutes; the silver ion under the card will remain colorless or white. Imagine now that you remove the opaque card; what will you see? The half of the paper that was in the light will be black and the half that was in the dark will be white. This reversal of light and dark is referred to as a negative image. But as soon as you remove the opaque card from the sensitized paper, the formerly unexposed white half will begin to turn black. In order to fix the image, we need to remove the light-sensitive silver chloride. Just washing it in water won't do the trick because silver chloride is insoluble in water. The earliest photographic fixer consisted simply of a concentrated solution of sodium chloride, ordinary table salt: While certainly convenient, this reaction does not go very far; only some of the silver chloride is dissolved and the rest remains on the paper. More effective than salt is ammonia.

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