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What waves are associated with coastal deposition?

Swash and backwash waves are associated with coastal deposition. Swash waves carry sediment onto the beach, while backwash waves transport sediment back into the ocean. This back-and-forth movement helps build up beaches and contribute to coastal deposition processes.


How does long shore current form?

Long shore currents form when waves approach the shoreline at an angle, causing the water and sediment to move parallel to the shore. This movement is a result of the wave's swash and backwash, creating a current that flows along the coastline. Long shore currents are influenced by wave direction, wave energy, and the shape of the coastline.


Why do pebbles go smaller the closer you are to the sea?

This is to do with tide patterns and percolation. A wave's swash (wave going up the beach) is very powerful and has enough power to carry large pebbles up the beach. However on a pebble beach, a lot of the waves energy is lost filling the gaps in the pebbles. All those small spaces mean the wave loses power and its backwash (wave going back down the beach) is much weaker than its swash. Only the smaller pebbles can be pulled back down the beach. This leaves the larger pebbles further up the beach.


How are pebble beaches formed?

Beaches composed of pebbles and other larger materials are usually described as intermediate or reflective beaches. They usually have a steep offshore slope and are narrow and steep in relief. Waves are either 'collapsing' or 'surging' in character with a strong swash and weak backwash. Hence larger pebble material is driven onshore under a strong swash and then deposited as the backwash is too weak to remove it. Also, on pebble beaches quite a bit of energy in the backwash will be lost via percolation (usually 33-50%) which further weakens the backwash.


What soil- type allows water to pass through it fastest?

Sandy soil allows water to pass through it the fastest due to its large particle size and well-draining nature. The large pore spaces between the sand particles allow water to flow through more easily compared to other soil types like clay or loam.