What is Alfred Werner's theory?

Answer 1

Alfred Werner suggested in 1893 that metal ions exhibit what he called primary and secondary valences.

- Primary valences were the oxidation number for the metal (+3 on the cobalt at the right).

- Secondary valences were the coordination number, the number of atoms directly bonded to the metal (6 in the complex at the right).

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(http://www.fiu.edu/~dmate001/IB/Lecture%20Notes/Topic%2013.2.pdf)

Answer 2

Alfred Werner's theory, proposed in 1893, is a coordination theory that revolutionized the understanding of coordination compounds. Werner suggested that metal ions can form coordination compounds by binding to ligands, with a central metal atom surrounded by a specific number of ligands arranged in a three-dimensional shape called a coordination sphere. His theory laid the foundation for modern coordination chemistry.