fissure for A+
Fault, crack, fracture, fissure, joint are all terms that could be applied to this question.In structural terms, tensile stress in the earth's crust initially creates normal faults. If the tensile stress state persists, larger scale structures such as horst and graben will develop (where graben are down thrown blocks of crust surrounded by normal faults, horsts are the upthrown crustal blocks surrounding the graben).Ultimately this may result in the formation of a rift valley and or the creation of a divergent tectonic plate boundary.
The Earth's crust can fold and crack due to tectonic forces, such as compression and tension along plate boundaries. Compression causes rocks to fold, creating mountain ranges, while tension leads to the formation of faults and fractures, resulting in earthquakes. Other factors such as volcanic activity, erosion, and gravitational forces can also contribute to the folding and cracking of the Earth's crust.
Block mountains are formed through the uplifting of a large block of crust along normal faults. The crust is subjected to tensional stress which causes it to break and lift up in a series of fault blocks. This creates a mountain range with steep sides and a flat top.
Magma that hardens in a horizontal crack typically forms a thin, sheet-like intrusion called a sill. Sills are created when magma is injected parallel to the existing rock layers. As the magma cools and solidifies, it forms a horizontal layer of igneous rock within the crack.
First understand that in GEOLOGY there can be no such thing as a "tension stress". Gravity ensures that all things are in compression. The only change is in the direction of maximum stress. When gravity (downwards) is the direction of maximum stress and one or other of the horizontal stresses decays slightly, fault block mountains form. When gravity (downwards) becomes the lowest stress, reverse faults (thrusts) and fold mountains are formed. When a hydraulic fluid (magma) penetrates a rheologically solid medium this will crack the medium an rise towards the surface. If the magma contains gas this will fizz and cause a volcano.- Is the Answer True or False?-Olivia
A crack is caused by tension not compression because tension pulls matter apart while compression pushes matter together
Thension crack is generated by the difference in shear movement along the failure surface or slip plane. It formed in the upper slope face before the major failure surface appeared. So, the total shear resistance and thus the safety factor will reduce after this tension crack developement. However, this tension crack will stop developing when it reaches a critical depth. And, a new tension crack will develope behind that previous crack.
h=2c
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