The largest known stars (although not the most massive) are the Red supergiants. The largest known red super giant in the Galaxy is a hyper giant called VY Canis Majoris, which radius is around 1500-2000 times that of our sun. If this largest known star were in our solar system, then its surface would extend out further than Jupiter's orbit, maybe even approaching Saturn's orbit.
If this is a homework question the answer you are probably looking for is Quasar [See related question] However, the actual question is full of inconsistencies. Brightness is defined as being observed from Earth and distance is relative to your frame of reference - Apparent magnitude [See related question - Apparent magnitude] Therefore, a bright object could be the Sun, and in normal relative terms it is distant, to some very distant. A quasar on the other hand is not very bright from Earth but it is very very distant. For the question to fit the answer, the question should be "What star like object is very luminous and very far away". or "What star like object has a high absolute magnitude and is very distant [See related question - Absolute magnitude]
quasar : a very bright, very distant object, similar to a star
No. Apparent magnitude (or luminosity) means how bright a star (or other object) looks to us; absolute magnitude (or luminosity) refers to how bright it really is.
If the bright star is located farther away from Earth than the less bright star, it will appear dimmer due to the inverse square law of light intensity. The amount of light reaching Earth decreases with distance, so a closer, less bright star can appear brighter than a further, brighter star.
You must have seen Venus. Not just in Texas; almost anywhere in the world, you can see it after sunset (or even before sunset, if you look closely). Venus looks like a bright star, but it is actually a planet.
You might be referring to a quasar.
If this is a homework question the answer you are probably looking for is Quasar [See related question] However, the actual question is full of inconsistencies. Brightness is defined as being observed from Earth and distance is relative to your frame of reference - Apparent magnitude [See related question - Apparent magnitude] Therefore, a bright object could be the Sun, and in normal relative terms it is distant, to some very distant. A quasar on the other hand is not very bright from Earth but it is very very distant. For the question to fit the answer, the question should be "What star like object is very luminous and very far away". or "What star like object has a high absolute magnitude and is very distant [See related question - Absolute magnitude]
A distant galaxy that appears as bright as a near star.
quasar : a very bright, very distant object, similar to a star
A comet, shooting star, asteroid meteorite?
How bright a star appears depends on both its actual brightness and how far away it is. The farther away a star is, the dimmer it appears. A bright but very distant star many therefore appear dimmer than a less bright star that is closer to us.
On December 14, 2010, the "bright star in the east at sunrise" is most probably Venus.
sparkling shining twinkling distant old
Well, the bright ones look closer, but that is not always a good guide because some bright ones like Rigel and Deneb are quite distant.
Apparent brightness: how bright an object - such as a star - looks to us. True brightness: how bright such an object really is. Defined as: how bright it would look at a standard distance.
A Distant Star was created on 1994-11-23.
VERY hot and bright.