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A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N), which consists of a carbon atomtriple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Inorganic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide salts in which cyanide is generally the anion CN-. Organic compounds that have a -C≡N functional group bonded to an alkyl residue are callednitriles in IUPAC nomenclature. The cyanide radical CN is commonly produced in reactions[citation needed] and has been identified in interstellar space.[1] Of the many kinds of cyanide compounds, some are gases; others are solids or liquids. Those that can release the cyanide ion CN- are highly toxic to people and wildlife at relatively low concentrations[2].
An example of a nitrile is CH3CN, acetonitrile or ethanenitrile per IUPAC, also known as methyl cyanide. Nitriles do not release cyanide ions. A functional group with a hydroxyl and cyanide on the same carbon is calledcyanohydrin, and it is hydrolyzed into hydrogen cyanide and a carbonyl compound (ketone or aldehyde).
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What poison blocks the electron transport chain?
Rotenone and antimycin A are poisons that can block the electron transport chain by inhibiting complexes I and III, respectively. This disruption prevents the production of ATP in the mitochondria, leading to cellular dysfunction and potentially lethal consequences.
Which gas is not commonly produced in a double replacement?
The list of answers were not provided. Hydrogen cyanide is the only one on that list that is not commonly produced by double replacement reactions and away.
Does cynanide poisoning cause a metalic taste in mouth?
I cannot find any verification but I had the ventilation in my car on full blast for 1 hour while driving and developed a bad headache and mild fever all night, next day had a strong metallic taste in mouth. Hope a scientist will answer this.
Did Adolf Hitler surrender?
Actually, I don't think Hitler surrendered at all... He took the 'cowards way' out of a, seemingly hopless situation. That meant that, when all hope was lost he took a cyanid ampull, crushed it with his teeth and immediately after that shot himself. -- Hitler didn't surrender. He shot himself.
How did Hitler's wife kill herself?
She didn't. Hitler and his longtime girlfriend Eva, were married in an underground bunker in Berlin, when the Russians were not very far away. Hitler decided that he wanted to remembered as a family man, and married her just before he killed her, and then killed himself. Their remains were doused in gasoline and burned in the bunker.
What made Hitler committed suicide?
Hitler finally recognized that all was lost and did not want to be taken captive and paraded through the streets of Moscow. He had seen how the Italian people hung Mussolini in a public square and heaped humilliations upon his corpse. He definitely did not want to suffer that fate. He could do away with himself easily because he lacked respect for human life. Because enemies were closing in on him from all sides, and there was no way to escape; he knew he had failed and had lost. He wasn't sure what they would do to him when they caught him, but knew it would probably be a life of torture, imprisonment and humiliation. So he wanted a quick dignified death, and he wanted to die with honor with his beloved wife. So they took cynanide and had people shoot them, then his soldiers burned their bodies so their remains would not be desecrated.
Describe three ways in which poisons can interfere with cellular respiration?
Carbon Monoxide is poisonous due to its interaction with hemoglobin, which is what carries the oxygen throughout the body. Carbon monoxide binds to the hemoglobin, cutting off the oxygen supply. Cyanide poisoning requires cyanide ions, and these ions mess with an important enzyme in the mitochondria of the cell, called cytochrome c oxidase. In this way, carbon monoxide prevents the oxygen from getting to the cells, while cyanide prevents the cells from generating the energy.
What are the ingredients of jewelry cleaner?
Jewelry cleaner typically contains a mixture of water, mild detergent, ammonia, or another cleaning agent. Some formulas may also include additional chemicals like sulfates or phosphates for enhancing the cleaning properties. Always read the label and instructions for proper usage and safety precautions.
What are in chemical weapons?
According to Critical Will:About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as Chemical Weapons (CW) agents during the 20th century. These chemicals are in liquid, gas or solid form and blister, choke and affect the nerves or blood. Chemical warfare agents are generally classified according to their effect on the organism and can be roughly grouped as: Nerve Agents, Mustard Agents, Hydrogen Cyanide, Tear Gases, Arsines, Psychotomimetic Agents, Toxins and Potential CW Agents.Under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) chemicals are divided into three groups, defining their purpose and treatment:* Schedule One are those typically used in weapons such as sarin and mustard gas and tabun;* Schedule Two include those that can be used in weapons such as amiton and BZ;* Schedule Three chemicals include the least toxic substances that can be used for research and the production of medicine, dyes, textiles, etc.CW agents mainly used against people are divided into lethal and incapacitating categories. A substance is classified as incapacitating if less than 1/100 of the lethal dose causes incapacitation, e.g., through nausea or visual problems. The limit between lethal and incapacitating substances is not absolute but refers to a statistical average.Incendiary agents such as napalm and phosphorus are not considered to be CW agents since they achieve their effect mainly through thermal energy. Certain types of smoke ammunition are not classed as a chemical weapon since the poisonous effect is not the reason for their use. Plants, microorganisms, the produced toxins belong to that class. Pathogenic microorganisms, mainly viruses and bacteria, are classed as biological weapons.* Chemicals that blister: sulphur mustard, lewisite, nitrogen mustard, mustard-leweisite, phosgene-oxime.* Chemicals that affect the nerves: VX, Sarin, Soman, tabun, novichole agents.* Chemicals that cause choking: cholrine, phosgene, diphosgene, chloropicrin.* Chemicals that affect the blood: herygem, cynanide, cynaogen chlorine.* Chemicals for riot control: tear agent 2 (SN gas), tear agent 0 (CS gas), psychedelic agent 3 (BZ)Two examples:* Mustard is an oily liquid with a garlic-like smell. Mustard gas was first used as a chemical-warfare agent during WWI, when it war responsible for about 70% of the million-plus gas casualties. Both in vapour and in liquid form its effect is to burn any body-tissue which it touches. Taken into the body, it can act as a systemic poison-- deadlier, weight for weight than hydrogen cyanide. Its burning effects are not normally apparent for some hours after exposure, whereupon they build up into the hideous picture of blindness, blistering and lung damage. Its most prominent use after that war was by Italy in Ethiopia during 1936. During WWII it was produced by Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, South Africa, the USA and the USSR. It was the CW agent that was stockpiled in by far the largest quantity on the order of hundreds of thousands of tons overall but used only by Japan in China. It is probably still the most heavily stockpiled CW agent today. Its last established use appears to have been by Egypt intervening in the (North) Yemeni civil war of the mid-1960s.* Tabun, or ethyl NN-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, otherwise known as GA, is a liquid that evaporates only half as fast as mustard gas, but is a powerful poison. Even short exposure to small concentrations of its vapour can result in almost immediate symptoms, felt first in the chest (as a persistent contraction of the pupil) and chest (as a tightness or asthma-like constriction). If a lethal dosage has been induced, either from inhalation of the vapour or be absorption of the liquid through the skin, a characteristic sequence of toxic manifestations ensues, some of great violence, including running nose, sweating, involuntary urination and defecation, vomiting, twitching, convulsions, paralysis and unconscious.
