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The principle of Oxidizing elements use in stainless steel melting and refining are oxygen and air. The pure oxygen with purity of 99.5% is use for decarburization and refining. Atmosphere oxygen in form of air is also used. Nitrogen present in air is advantageous in some of 200 series stainless stains where nitrogen is required as an alloying element, but it is highly undesirable in low interstitial ferritic grades. Mill scale and iron oxide in form of lumpy ore can be also used as oxidizing agent. Both of these contain about 25% oxygen by weight. They can be selectively used to suit the specific process requirement.

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