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F5 and EF5 are essentially the same thing. They are equivalent levels on two different, albeit similar scales of tornado intensity. Both the Fujita (F) scale and the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale used damage to estimate wind speed, but the EF scale has better wind estimates for its damage levels.

F5 is the highest category on the Fujita scale with the main damage criterion being well built houses wiped clean off their foundations. The wind speed estimate for this degree of damage was 261-318 mph. However, when the Fujita scale was created in 1971 nobody had ever measured the winds of a tornado so we had no way of knowing how accurate these estimates were.

Similar to F5, EF5 is the highest level on the Enhanced Fujita scale. The damage criteria are essentially the same (e.g. ell built houses blown away), though there is more detail and the construction standars needed are somewhat higher. However the wind speed estimate has been lowered to 201+ mph. The lower wind estimate leads some people to think that an EF5 isn't as strong as an F5, but this is not true. It turns out that on the original scale the wind estimates for F3 damage and higher, were too high. So instead of taking a 261 mph wind to completely blow away a house, as was thought until the 21st century, it only takes a wind of about 200 mph.

Because of the higher construction standards it is somewhat harder for a tornado to attain an EF5 rating than an F5 rating. One researcher has examined several EF4 tornadoes in recent years and concluded that they would likely have been rated F5 had they occurred when the original Fujita scale was still in effect.

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