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Volcanoes on land tend to be more explosive and have thicker lava flows, while underwater volcanoes, known as submarine volcanoes or seamounts, are typically less explosive and produce pillow lava formations due to rapid cooling in water. Underwater volcanoes also contribute to the formation of new oceanic crust as they erupt along mid-ocean ridges.
The difference in albedo between water and land surfaces is that water has a lower albedo, meaning it reflects less sunlight and absorbs more heat compared to land surfaces. Land surfaces have a higher albedo, reflecting more sunlight and absorbing less heat.
A land breeze is caused by the temperature difference between the land and sea surfaces. At night, the land cools faster than the sea, creating high pressure over the land and low pressure over the sea. This pressure difference leads to a breeze blowing from the land towards the sea.
The average height difference between the land surface and the sea floor is approximately 4 kilometers. Land surfaces generally have higher elevations due to the presence of mountains and plateaus, while the sea floor is characterized by ocean trenches and ridges that are much deeper below sea level.
the difference in specific heat capacity between land and water
Land cover refers to the physical aspects of the land surface, such as vegetation, water bodies, or urban areas, while land use refers to the human activities that take place on the land, such as agriculture, residential, commercial, or industrial purposes. Land cover describes what is on the land, while land use describes how the land is utilized.