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This is known as seismic moment (M0 - which has the unit of dynes/cm =where 1 dyne/cm = 1x10-7 N/m) which is a measure of the total energy released during an earthquake and is derived based on the elastic moduli of the crust where the earthquake occurred, the length of the slip surface and the cross sectional area of the slip surface as follows:

M0 = G x AFx DF

Where:

G = Shear modulus of the rock mass

AF = Area of the rupture along the fault

DF = average displacement on AF

For an explanation of how this value is used to determine an earthquakes magnitude, please see the related question.

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