upwelling
upwelling
Upwelling.
The physics and the formation of the Earth.
Looking at the whole earth is is layered with the densest materials in the core and the lightest materials forming the surface. This is because it was once molten and was therefore able to differentiate into density stratified layers. Looking in finer detail at the surface of the planet, the process of erosion and deposition of rocks causes sediments to be laid down in layers parallel to the surface of the planet. These then get deformed when the continents move and the layers can be seen in outcrop.
The further down, the older the rock. The law of superposition.
upwhelling
upwhelling
upwelling
Upwelling.
Upwelling.
As you go deeper and deeper the layers will start to get hotter and thicker.
The physics and the formation of the Earth.
New rock layers are always deposited on top of existing rock layers. Therefore, deeper layers must be older than layers closer to the surface. This is the law of superposition.
Not as old as those found deeper
Looking at the whole earth is is layered with the densest materials in the core and the lightest materials forming the surface. This is because it was once molten and was therefore able to differentiate into density stratified layers. Looking in finer detail at the surface of the planet, the process of erosion and deposition of rocks causes sediments to be laid down in layers parallel to the surface of the planet. These then get deformed when the continents move and the layers can be seen in outcrop.
While not always blowing in the same direction, on average, global winds drag on the water's surface, causing it to move and build up in the direction that the wind is blowing. The coriolis effect causes these wind driven currents to form gyres. Differential drag driven from the surface layers to a depth of about 100m causes the formation of Ekman spirals, the effect of which is to cause the deeper layers to flow in the opposite direction to the surface. However, the turnover from the DEEPEST layers of the ocean (The Global Conveyor Belt) is NOT driven by the wind but by differences in the water's density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline) - a process called thermohaline circulation.
The further down, the older the rock. The law of superposition.