Part A) The tilt was caused by the combined momentum of all the fragments that came together to form the Earth. The most significant of which was probably the collision of the large planetoid that formed the moon.
Part B) 12 hours each, due to the fact that the Earth's axis is aligned with its orbit on the equinoxes.
The earth's axis is never aligned with the earth's orbit. It is inclined at about 67 degrees to the plane of the orbit, and this never changes.
The earth's axis has to point somewhere, and it happens to point towards some insignificant star which everybody therefore calls the pole star. This direction of the axis of spin does not change significantly over anyone's lifetime. At the equinoxes (= equal day and night) in March and September), this axis of the earth's spin lies exactly at right-angles to the line from sun to earth (the sun appears to be on the horizon all day at both poles, for the whole day). As the earth spins on those particular days, everywhere not at the poles sees the sun for exactly 12 hours.
earths tilt
wind
The tilt controls the angle of incidence of sunlight AND the duration of daylight hours.
The International Date Line is where the date changes, not the boundary between night and day. There is no name for that boundary, because it always moves.
Magma gets heated, rises, flows horizontally (the plate over it moves with it, but not as fast as the magma), cools and sinks.
It is spring
earths tilt
The passage of the sun across the sky during daylight, and the stars circling round the axis during darkness.
North and South
The tilt of earths axis makes the equator appear to be sideways.
because they are different parts of the earths hemispheres.
Africa has.
wind
11 hours
The north and eastern hemispheres
Earth's rotation causes many things. Probably the most obvious is the cycle of daylight and darkness. Another is the rotation of high- and low-pressure weather systems.
The Equinoxes - Autumnal and Vernal (or Spring). The hours of daylight equal the hours of darkness.