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The density of the Earth can be estimated by observing the time that seismic waves take to travel through it. Waves travel faster through denser objects leading to the conclusions that the Earth is density stratified with the most dense material at the center. The change in velocity of the seismic waves gives an estimate of the density of the material that it is traveling through. Knowing the depth of these composition changes allows us to calculate the volume of each particular compositional "shell" and a weighted average of these will give an estimate of the Earth's density.

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