What does it
Seismic waves, specifically surface waves like Love waves and Rayleigh waves, can cause the most damage to the built environment during an earthquake. These waves travel along the earth's surface and have longer periods, resulting in strong ground shaking that can lead to structural damage and ground failure.
If you mean damage to the surrounding are then it all depends on how built up the area is. Most damage is caused by structural collapse so more built up areas will see a higher amount of damage than a less built up, more rural area. If you mean damage to the earths crust itself then you need to look at what type of earthquake it was and the location of the epicentre (the point of origin)
Several factors determine the structural damage from an earthquake including, the proximity to active earthquake faults; the building construction (type of building, foundation, materials used, and quality of workmanship); the local site conditions (type and condition of soil, slope of the land, and fill material); and the geologic structure of the earth beneath the structure.
Most damage from an earthquake usually occurs near the epicenter, where the shaking is strongest. Structures built on soft soil or near fault lines are particularly vulnerable to damage. Tsunamis triggered by undersea earthquakes can also cause widespread destruction along coastlines.
Tornadoes can cause significant damage to buildings by strong winds and flying debris, resulting in roof damage, broken windows, and structural collapse. Additionally, tornadoes can uproot trees and utility poles, leading to power outages and road blockages.
Depending on the type of structure and the strength of the tornado damage can range from roof damage and broken windows to the complete destruction of well-built structures.
An earthquake can cause significant damage to the built environment, including structural failures of buildings, bridges, and roads due to ground shaking. This may lead to collapses, cracks, and displacements that compromise safety and usability. Additionally, secondary effects such as landslides, liquefaction, and fires can further exacerbate the destruction and hinder recovery efforts. Overall, the impact can result in substantial economic losses and displacement of communities.
secondary
Seismic waves, specifically surface waves like Love waves and Rayleigh waves, can cause the most damage to the built environment during an earthquake. These waves travel along the earth's surface and have longer periods, resulting in strong ground shaking that can lead to structural damage and ground failure.
Hurricanes can inflict significant damage on the built environment through high winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. High winds can lead to structural failures, roof loss, and debris projectiles, while heavy rainfall can cause flooding and water damage to buildings and infrastructure. Storm surges can inundate coastal areas, eroding foundations and damaging utilities. Overall, the combination of these forces can result in extensive and costly destruction to homes, businesses, and critical infrastructure.
Hurricanes can inflict severe damage on the built environment through strong winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. High winds can tear off roofs, shatter windows, and uproot trees, while flooding can lead to structural damage, mold growth, and electrical hazards. Additionally, storm surges can inundate coastal areas, eroding foundations and causing widespread devastation to homes and infrastructure. Overall, the combination of these factors can compromise the safety and functionality of buildings and other structures.
Tsunamis inflict severe damage on the built environment through intense flooding, which can inundate structures, erode foundations, and wash away buildings. The force of the waves can demolish or displace infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and utilities. Additionally, debris carried by the tsunami can cause further destruction, while saltwater intrusion can compromise the integrity of materials and systems long after the event. Ultimately, the impact can lead to significant economic losses and prolonged recovery challenges for affected communities.
Buildings built on soil sink due to settling after an earthquake
A hurricane can inflict severe damage on built environments through high winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges. High winds can tear off roofs, shatter windows, and uproot trees, while heavy rainfall can lead to flooding and water infiltration, damaging structures and causing mold growth. Storm surges can inundate coastal areas, leading to erosion and the destruction of foundations. Overall, the cumulative effects can result in significant structural damage, loss of utilities, and long-term economic impacts.
there would be considerable damage in poorly built structures
Because they built wooden frame houses to withstand the earthquake, funnily enough, fire often comes with earthquakes.....
Hurricanes can cause widespread damage to the natural environment, including deforestation from downed trees, soil erosion from heavy rainfall, destruction of coastal habitats like wetlands and coral reefs, and disruption to ecosystems due to flooding and debris. These impacts can have long-lasting effects on biodiversity and ecosystem health.