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Obsidian is an igneous rock, so it forms from the tectonic activity of an eruption of a volcano. It is a special igneous rock because it is a glass. It forms from an explosive eruption (due to high viscosity and gas content of the magma, which usually is a rhyolitic or andesitic magma). The formation of obsidian is due to the phenomenon of the lava cooling very rapidly that the atoms have no time to arrange themselves in a crystalline structure. So the product is glass.

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Q: What tectonic activity leads to the formation of obsidian?
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