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Terrigenous sediment, which consists of material eroded from the continents such as sand, silt, and clay, dominates the seafloor adjacent to continents. This sediment is transported to the ocean by rivers, wind, and glaciers, and accumulates near the continental margins. It is one of the most common types of sediment found in the world's oceans.
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What happens to sediment when water slows down?
When water slows down, it loses its ability to transport sediment. As a result, the sediment will settle out of the water and accumulate on the riverbed or seafloor. This process is known as sedimentation.
What is the sediment called that is derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents?
The sediment derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents is called terrigenous sediment. It includes materials like quartz, feldspar, and clay that are eroded from rocks on land and transported to the oceans by rivers, wind, or glaciers.
What three pieces of evidence did Harry Hess gather to prove that seafloor spreading was taking place?
Magnetic stripes on the seafloor showed alternating patterns of normal and reversed polarity, matching Earth's magnetic field reversals. Age dating of seafloor rocks revealed that rocks were youngest along mid-ocean ridges and oldest near continental margins. Sediment thickness on the seafloor was thinnest at mid-ocean ridges and thickest near the continents, supporting the idea of seafloor spreading.
How does sediment that is closer to a mid-ocean ridge compare to sediment that is farther away?
Sediment closer to a mid-ocean ridge is typically younger, thinner, and composed of more volcanic material compared to sediment farther away. This is because the ridge is a site of active seafloor spreading where new oceanic crust is formed, leading to a higher rate of sedimentation near the ridge.
What are cylindrical samples of ocean sediment?
Cylindrical samples of ocean sediment are cores of sediment taken from the seafloor using specialized tools like sediment corers. These cores provide layers of sediment that can be used to study the history of ocean and climate change over time. Analyzing the composition and characteristics of these sediment cores can help scientists understand past environmental conditions and make predictions for the future.
What evidence in rock supports the theory of seafloor spreading?
Convergence supports the theory of seafloor spreading. Samples of the deep ocean floor are evidence of seafloor spreading because the basaltic oceanic crust and overlapping sediment become younger as the mid-ocean ridge is approached. Also, the rock that makes up the floor of the ocean is younger than the continents.
How does the age of seafloor sediments change with increasing distance from the ocean ridge?
Age of seafloor rock and sediment increases with distance from the oceanic ridges.
What evidence in rocks supports the theory seafloor spreading?
Convergence supports the theory of seafloor spreading. Samples of the deep ocean floor are evidence of seafloor spreading because the basaltic oceanic crust and overlapping sediment become younger as the mid-ocean ridge is approached. Also, the rock that makes up the floor of the ocean is younger than the continents.
Flat seafloor in the deep ocean formed when deposits of sediment filled valleys?
Flat seafloor in the deep ocean, known as abyssal plains, is formed over time as sediment accumulates in the valleys and depressions of the ocean floor. This sediment is often carried by underwater currents and deposited in these low-lying areas, creating a smooth and flat seafloor surface.
A simple method of obtaining an actual sample of seafloor sediment is with a?
grab sampler
Ferrigenous sediment orignates where?
Ferrigenous sediment originates from the erosion of iron-rich minerals, such as hematite and magnetite, in rocks on land. This sediment is then transported by rivers and streams to the ocean, where it can accumulate on the seafloor.
What happens to sediment when water slows down?
When water slows down, it loses its ability to transport sediment. As a result, the sediment will settle out of the water and accumulate on the riverbed or seafloor. This process is known as sedimentation.
Sediment that originates from the continents is called?
Marine sediments are typically terrigenous in nature, which means they came from the land. Sediments that originate from the continents are called terrigenous.
How might a lowering of the pH of seawater affect the abundance of calcareous sediment on the seafloor?
Lowering the pH to less alkaline and more acidic levels would cause more calcareous materials to dissolve in seawater thereby reducing the abundance of calcareous sediment on the seafloor.
What is the sediment called that is derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents?
The sediment derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents is called terrigenous sediment. It includes materials like quartz, feldspar, and clay that are eroded from rocks on land and transported to the oceans by rivers, wind, or glaciers.
Where is the greatest sediment thickness on the ocean floor?
Near the trenches, or in the seafloor furthest away from spreading centers.
What happens to sediment when waves slow down?
When waves slow down, their energy decreases and they may not be able to keep transporting sediment. The sediment will then settle out of the water and accumulate on the seafloor or coastline, a process known as deposition.
