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Friction . The space craft is moving at several thousands of miles per hour (extremely fast) . At this speed it meets up with the gas particles of the upper atmosphere, hence friction.

As an anology, if you throw a spinning flat stone parallel to the surface of water it will bounce off the water. If that angle is too big that stone will plunge into the water causing a splash (friction).

So space capsules have to strike the upper atmosphere at just the correct angle, because '1' they may bounce off into space and never return, or '2' plunge so sharply into the atmosphere that they 'burn' up.

So the angle of re-entry has to be 'just right' to stop either 'bouncing off' or creating a 'big splash'. Thereby minimising friction.

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lenpollock

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1y ago

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