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Not sure what you mean by what are causes thunderstorms, but here is what I have learned about the cause of thunderstorms in the research I was doing, hope it helps. Thunderstorms form when an air mass becomes unstable causing it to overturn or convect violently. Unstable Air Mass - means the air in the lowest layers is unusually warm and humid, or that the upper layers are unusually cool, sometimes it is both. The air rising near the surface of an unstable air mass expands and cools, but continues to be warmer than it's environment, which causes it to rise even farther. If there is enough water vapor present it condenses into a cloud that releases heat which makes the pocket of air even warmer, forcing it to rise yet again. In thunderstorms, this process continues to feed on water vapor in the lower atmosphere, pumping air warmed by condensation as high as 40,000 to 60,000 feet (8 to 12 miles). Thunderstorms are more common in the afternoon over land, when daytime heating of the land by the sun causes the lower part of the troposphere to become unstable. In some cases thunderstorms form from the upper atmosphere becoming unusually cool, due to the approach of an upper air disturbance. In this case storms can form at any time of day, even when there hasn't been daytime heating of the land. The one thing that must be present is a sufficient amount of water vapor to feed the storm, as the vapor acts as fuel for the thunderstorm. As the storm consumes this fuel, it is converted to rainfall. Eventually, the storm stabilizes the atmosphere, through using up the excess water vapor, cooling the lower troposphere, and warming the upper troposphere, until they are again in balance.

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8y ago

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