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The long downpour was caused by a lengthy flow of warm, moist air that came from the Azores in the mid-Atlantic. This kind of airflow is common in the UK in the autumn and the winter, and is known as a 'warm conveyor'. The warmer the air is, the more moisture it can hold.

The ground was also already saturated, so the additional rain flowed as surface run-off straight into the rivers.

The steep slopes of the Cumbrian Mountains also helped the water to run rapidly into the rivers.

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