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When water freezes it increases it's volume. So, if it freezes in a crack in the rock, it will exert pressure in the rock. This pressure may be enough to widen the crack.

or known as hydro wedging

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What do fish do when the water surface is frozen?

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There is no react reaction to simple contact with ice. But since water expands when it freezes, any water that freezes in a crack will force that crack to become bigger and will slowly break the rock apart in a process called frost wedging.


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