Why does earth different climate zones?

Answer 1

The Earth is a sphere. Consequently some of the Earth is more broadside on to the Sun than others. (the Equator). At the poles, the sun is barely glancing - never more than about 23 degrees above the Horizon.

And the spin axis of the Earth is tilted to the plane around which it orbits the Sun, so part of the year, the poles receive no Sun at all.

So the bits that get the most sun, and consistently day after day, get the warmest on average, and the bits of the Earth that often miss out on the Sun at all, get quite cold.

[And by the way, if we allow the Amazon rainforest to become clear-felled, it will revert to desert. For much of the rainfall there is aided by the presence of forest. Less forest = less rainfall!]

Answer 2

Earth has different climate zones due to variations in the amount of sunlight received at different latitudes and altitudes, as well as the distribution of land and water masses. Factors such as the angle of sunlight, ocean currents, and the Earth's tilt all contribute to the diverse climate patterns experienced across the planet.