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Polluted air contains oxides of sulfur, which dissolve in water to form stronger (more ionized) acids than the carbonic acid from which carbonates are derived. Therefore, the sulfuric and/or sulfurous acids formed by water and polluted air displace the carbonates as carbon dioxide, according to the ionic equation (for sulfuric acid):

CO3-2 + H2SO4 -> SO4-2 + H2O + CO2.

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