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Why does smaller engines in cars reduce the amount of air pollution produced by vehicles?
The very simple explanation is:
Each time the engine turns, it takes in a certain amount of air.
When the engine turns twice, it takes in an amount of air equal to the engine's "displacement". The displacement is the combined "size" of the inside of the engine's combustion chambers. This is the size expressed in liters. Car and truck gasoline engines are common worldwide from 1.0 liter to 7.2 liters.
The "turning twice" requirement is due to a convenient mechanical arrangement for manufacturing, and is not relevant to the question.
So, each time a 1.0 liter engine, like in a mini car, revolves twice, it has processed one liter of air. Each time a 5.3 liter engine, like in a full size pickup truck, revovles twice, it has processed 5.3 liters of air.
Regardless of the amount of air, the ratio of air to fuel must be held constant to reach the equal efficiency. The ratio is about 14:1 air-to-fuel. We assume for the simple explanation that the engines are turning at the same speed.
So the 5.3 liter engine burns 5.3 times as much fuel as the 1.0 liter engine. The 5.3 liter engine therefore makes 5.3 times as much pollution as the 1.0 liter engine.
To be more exact about the true-life amount of pollution and fuel consumption:
The engine speed is not the only factor when actually pushing a vehicle with any engine. To make a car more drive-able and have better acceleration and highway efficiency, transmission and axle gears are designed to match the engine speed to the highest desired road speed for best efficiency. Most cars and regular size trucks are designed to be most efficient at highway speeds of 45 to 60 MPH.
Therefore a 1-liter engine might have to turn 2600 times per minute to efficiently push the car to 60MPH, and a 5.3 liter engine might have to turn only 1500 times per minute to push the truck efficiently at 60MPH.
This requirement for higher rotating speed with smaller engines makes the 1-liter engine process 1.75 liters of air to go the same distance as the 5.3 liter engine. This increases the actual pollution per mile of the smaller, faster-turning engine in relation to the larger, slower-turning one.
Additionally, the wind passing over a vehicle on the highway is responsible for much of the fuel usage at highway speeds, and is just as important as the size or weight of the vehicle and engine, but this will be ignored because it has nothing to do with engine size vs. pollution.
So in reality, the pickup truck may get 20 miles per gallon, and the mini car may get 45 miles per gallon. Instead of producing 5.3 times as much pollution as the mini car, the 5.3-liter truck really only produces 45/20, or 2.25 times as much air pollution as the 1-liter mini car, not 5.3 times as much.
These are only examples to explain the answer.
What else can I help you with?
How do you reduce car pollution?
The two main ways to reduce pollution associated with car exhaust fall into to general categories: Don't use as much gas, and create as little pollution with the gas that you do use as possible.Don't use as much gas:Obviously the less gas you use the less pollution you create. This can be achieved by driving as little as possible (bike when possible, walk car pool, plan your trips) or by using a car with a smaller engine.Create less pollution:The standard solutions* Keep the engine tuned * Keep tires inflated properly * Drive properly NOTE: Use ethanol based fuels does not appear in this list as the total accounting of eethanol s not well defined (field to fuel tank) and some evidence exists that ethanol fuels contribute organic to the car exhausts. Similarly the overall pollution footprint of hybrids and electric cars has not been established.
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