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in silicon or germanium, the valence shell contain 4 electrons. in order to attain stability,

they need 4 more electrons, so we doping it either with trivalent or pentavalent

impurities. if we are doping semiconductor with any of these, we call it as an extrinsic

semiconductor if we are using pentavalent impurity such as phosphorous, there will be an

extra electron,which will go to conduction band. we know electron has negative charge

therefore we call it as n-type semiconductor

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